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Instruments and Supplies RSS FeedsMetamaterials, quantum dots show promise for new technologies - Researchers are edging toward the creation of new optical technologies using "nanostructured metamaterials" capable of ultra-efficient transmission of light, with potential applications including advanced solar cells and quantum computing....Feed Source: feeds.sciencedaily.com Discarded data may hold the key to a sharper view of molecules - There's nothing like a new pair of eyeglasses to bring fine details into sharp relief. For scientists who study the large molecules of life from proteins to DNA, the equivalent of new lenses have come in the form of an advanced method for analyzing data from X-ray crystallography experiments.... Pivotal role for proteins: From helping turn carbs into energy to causing devastating disease - Research into how carbohydrates are converted into energy has led to a surprising discovery with implications for the treatment of a perplexing and potentially fatal neuromuscular disorder and possibly even cancer and heart disease.... Nanoparticles seen as artificial atoms - Observing the formation of nanorods in real-time, researchers found that nanoparticles become attached to form winding chains that eventually align, attach end-to-end, straighten and stretch into elongated nanowires. This supports the theory of nanoparticles acting like artificial atoms during crystal growth and points the way to future energy devices.... First direct observation of oriented attachment in nanocrystal growth - Researchers have reported the first direct observation of nanoparticles undergoing oriented attachment, the critical step in biomineralization and the growth of nanocrystals. A better understanding of oriented attachment in nanoparticles is a key to synthesizing new materials with remarkable structural properties.... Organic carbon from Mars, but not biological - Molecules containing large chains of carbon and hydrogen -- the building blocks of all life on Earth -- have been the targets of missions to Mars from Viking to the present day. While these molecules have previously been found in meteorites from Mars, scientists have disagreed about how this organic carbon was formed and whether or not it came from Mars. A new paper provides strong evidence that this carbon did originate on Mars, although it is not biological.... Categories for kinship vary between languages - Different languages refer to family relationships in different ways. For example, English speakers use two terms -- grandmother and grandfather -- to refer to grandparents, while Mandarin Chinese uses four terms. Many possible kinship categories, however, are never observed, which raises the question of why some kinship categories appear in the languages of the world but others do not. A new study shows that kinship categories across languages reflect general principles of communication.... New clues about cancer cell metabolism: Smallest amino acid, glycine, implicated in cancer cell proliferation - Researchers have looked across 60 well-studied cancer cell lines, analyzing which of more than 200 metabolites were consumed or released by the fastest dividing cells. Their research yields the first large-scale atlas of cancer metabolism and points to a key role for the smallest amino acid, glycine, in cancer cell proliferation.... Autopsy of a eruption: Linking crystal growth to volcano seismicity - A forensic approach that links changes deep below a volcano to signals at the surface could ultimately help to predict future volcanic eruptions with greater accuracy.... Brightly colored bird bills indicate good health - Female bill color reflects the health of the bird, a new study shows. Females with more colorful bills have higher antibody levels, indicating greater strength and the ability to fight off invaders.... Device may inject a variety of drugs without using needles - A new device delivers a tiny, high-pressure jet of medicine through the skin without the use of a hypodermic needle.... Physicists set new record for graphene solar cell efficiency - Doping may be a no-no for athletes, but researchers say it was key in getting unprecedented power conversion efficiency from a new graphene solar cell created in their lab.... Beam Me Up: 'Tractor beams' of light pull small objects towards them - ?Tractor beams? of light that pull objects towards them are no longer science fiction. Scientists have now demonstrated how a tractor beam can in fact be realized on a small scale.... Robots will quickly recognize and respond to human gestures, with new algorithms - New intelligent algorithms could help robots to quickly recognize and respond to human gestures. Researchers have created a computer program which recognizes human gestures quickly and accurately, and requires very little training.... Engineered materials: Custom-made magnets - A novel approach to designing artificial materials could enable magnetic devices with a wider range of properties than those now available. Researchers have now extended the properties and potential uses of metamaterials by using not one but two very different classes of nanostructures, or metamolecules.... Seismic hazard: Faults discovered near Lake Tahoe could generate earthquakes ranging from 6.3 to 6.9 - Results of a new US Geological Survey study conclude that faults west of Lake Tahoe, Calif., referred to as the Tahoe-Sierra frontal fault zone, pose a substantial increase in the seismic hazard assessment for the Lake Tahoe region of California and Nevada, and could potentially generate earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from 6.3 to 6.9.... Newly modified nanoparticle opens window on future gene editing technologies - Researchers are using nanoparticles to simultaneously deliver proteins and DNA into plant cells. The technology could allow more sophisticated and targeted editing of plant genomes. And that could help researchers develop crops that adapt to changing climates and resist pests.... Relationship between social status and wound-healing in wild baboons - Biologists have found that male baboons that have a high rank within their society recover more quickly from injuries, and are less likely to become ill than other males.... Persistent sensory experience is good for aging brain - Despite a long-held scientific belief that much of the wiring of the brain is fixed by adolescence, a new study shows that changes in sensory experience can cause massive rewiring, even as one ages. The study also found this rewiring involves fibers that supply the primary input to the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for sensory perception, motor control and cognition. These findings may open new avenues of research on brain remodeling and aging.... Nuisance seaweed found to produce compounds with biomedical potential - A seaweed considered a threat to the healthy growth of coral reefs in Hawaii may possess the ability to produce substances that could one day treat human diseases, a new study has revealed.... DNA evidence shows that marine reserves help to sustain fisheries - Biologists have presented the first evidence that areas closed to all fishing are helping to sustain valuable Australian fisheries. The scientists applied a forensic DNA profiling approach to track the dispersal pathways of fish larvae throughout a network of marine reserves on Australia's Great Barrier Reef.... Anti-psychotic drug pushes cancer stem cells over the edge - An anti-psychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia appears to get rid of cancer stem cells by helping them differentiate into less threatening cell types. The discovery comes after researchers screened hundreds of compounds in search of those that would selectively inhibit human cancer stem cells, and it may lead rather swiftly to a clinical trial.... Male fertility genes discovered - A new study has revealed previously undiscovered genetic variants that influence fertility in men. The findings shed much-needed light on human reproduction and might provide answers for countless men suffering from infertility.... Protein necessary for behavioral flexibility discovered - Researchers have identified a protein necessary to maintain behavioral flexibility, which allows us to modify our behaviors to adjust to circumstances that are similar, but not identical, to previous experiences. Their findings may offer new insights into addressing autism and schizophrenia?afflictions marked by impaired behavioral flexibility.... Key gene found responsible for chronic inflammation, accelerated aging and cancer - Researchers at NYU School of Medicine have, for the first time, identified a single gene that simultaneously controls inflammation, accelerated aging and cancer.... Exotic particles, chilled and trapped, form giant matter wave - Physicists have trapped and cooled exotic particles called excitons so effectively that they condensed and cohered to form a giant matter wave, a signature of a state called a Bose-Einstein condensate. A first for subatomic particles, rather than whole atoms, the feat will facilitate study of the physical properties of excitons, which exist only fleetingly yet offer promising applications as diverse as efficient solar energy and ultrafast computing.... Positive words: The glue to social interaction - Words charged with a positive emotional content are used more frequently, thus enhancing human communication.... Plants could use light even more effectively for food production - Scientists have concluded that it is possible to develop plants that produce even more food by reducing the level of pigments which make no contribution to photosynthesis. The conclusion is based on research into the effectiveness of photosynthesis in various light conditions. The scientists discovered that leaf pigments not directly involved in photosynthesis ?dissipate? light by absorption rather than using it effectively.... Synchronized brains: Feeling strong emotions makes people's brains 'tick together' - Human emotions are highly contagious. Seeing others' emotional expressions such as smiles triggers often the corresponding emotional response in the observer. Researchers have now found that feeling strong emotions makes different individuals' brain activity literally synchronous.... El Niño weather and climate change threaten survival of baby leatherback sea turtles - When critically endangered leatherback turtle hatchlings dig out of their nests, they enter a world filled with threats to survival. Now, Drexel University researchers have found that the climate conditions at the nesting beach affect the early survival of turtle eggs and hatchlings. They predict, based on projections from multiple models, that egg and hatchling survival will drop by half in the next 100 years as a result of global climate change.... Commonly used pesticide turns honey bees into 'Picky eaters' - Biologists have discovered that a small dose of a commonly used crop pesticide turns honey bees into "picky eaters" and affects their ability to recruit their nestmates to otherwise good sources of food.... Invasive species underwater: Deep sea animals stowaway on submarines and reach new territory - Marine scientists studying life around deep-sea vents have discovered that some hardy species can survive the extreme change in pressure that occurs when a research submersible rises to the surface. Scientists reveal how a species can be inadvertently carried by submersibles to new areas, with potentially damaging effects on marine ecosystems.... Tracking endangered elephants with satellite technology - GPS and satellite technology is helping experts develop a long term strategy to protect the endangered Malaysian elephant.... Oldest art even older: New dates from Geißenklösterle Cave show early arrival of modern humans, art and music - New dates from Geißenklösterle Cave in Southwest Germany document the early arrival of modern humans and early appearance of art and music. The new dates use improved methods to remove contamination and produced ages between began between 42,000 to 43,000 years ago for start of the Aurignacian, the first culture to produce a wide range of figurative art, music and other key innovations.... Method to delay aging of stem cells developed - Stem cells are essential building blocks for all organisms, from plants to humans. They can divide and renew themselves throughout life, differentiating into the specialized tissues needed during development, as well as cells necessary to repair adult tissue. Therefore, they can be considered immortal, in that they recreate themselves and regenerate tissues throughout a person?s lifetime, but that doesn?t mean they don?t age. They do, gradually losing their ability to effectively maintain tissues and organs. Now, researchers have uncovered a series of biological events that implicate the stem cells' surroundings, known as their "niche," as the culprit in loss of stem cells due to aging. This research has implications for treatment of age-related diseases and for the effectiveness of regenerative medicine.... Calcium supplements linked to significantly increased heart attack risk, study suggests - Calcium supplements might increase the risk of having a heart attack, and should be "taken with caution," concludes new research. Furthermore, boosting overall calcium intake from dietary sources confers no significant advantage in terms of staving off heart disease and stroke, the findings indicate.... Caesarean section delivery may double risk of childhood obesity: May be due to different gut bacteria - Caesarean section delivery may double the risk of subsequent childhood obesity, finds new research.... Turtles more closely related to birds than lizards and snakes, genetic evidence shows - Having recently looked at more than a thousand of the least-changed regions in the genomes of turtles and their closest relatives, biologists have confirmed that turtles are most closely related to crocodilians and birds rather than to lizards, snakes, and tuataras.... Bark beetle may impact air quality, climate - If you've traveled to a forested national park out West in recent years, you may have noticed two things. First, a growing number of lodgepole pine trees are dying, victims of the bark beetle. And secondly, atmospheric haze, caused in part by tiny solid particles suspended in the air, is becoming a problem. A new study shows these two phenomena may be related, tied together by chemistry and climate change factors.... Docs slower to drop ?Black box? drugs when access to drug reps is restricted - After years of reducing their contact with pharmaceutical sales representatives, physicians now risk an unintended consequence: Doctors who rarely meet with pharmaceutical sales representatives ? or who do not meet with them ? are much slower to drop medicines with the Food and Drug Administration?s ?black box? warnings and to adopt first-in-class therapies.... IUDs, implants most effective birth control, study suggests - A study to evaluate birth control methods has found dramatic differences in their effectiveness. Women who used birth control pills, the patch or vaginal ring were 20 times more likely to have an unintended pregnancy than those who used longer-acting forms such as an intrauterine device (IUD) or implant.... The goldilocks effect: Babies choose ?Just right? experiences - Infants ignore information that is too simple or too complex, focusing instead on situations that are ?just right,? according to a new study. Dubbed the ?Goldilocks effect? by the people that discovered it, the attention pattern sheds light on how babies learn to make sense of a world full of complex sights, sounds, and movements.... NASA Ames helps re-enter the Dragon - Decades of rigorous research, testing and development performed in the Entry Systems and Technology Division at NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif., has garnered Ames' thermal protection engineers the respect of not just other government agencies, but also commercial entities. The successful re-entry in late May or early June of the cutting-edge Dragon spacecraft from its demonstration flight to the International Space Station will be enabled in part by thermal protection system (TPS) technologies developed, tested and flight-qualified at Ames. Developed by Space Exploration Technologies Corp.'s (SpaceX), Hawthorne, Calif., the capsule will launch atop a Falcon 9 rocket also built by SpaceX, from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.... Fukushima's radiation effects: World experts to assess impacts from Japanese power plant - World experts on the effects of atomic radiation have agreed to start an assessment of the radiological impact of the events at the TEPCO (Fukushima-Daiichi) nuclear power plant following the March 11, 2011 earthquake and tsunami.... Fever during pregnancy more than doubles the risk of autism or developmental delay - Mothers who had fevers during their pregnancies were more than twice as likely to have a child with autism or developmental delay than were mothers of typically developing children, and that taking medication to treat fever countered its effect.... Sociologists' research study finds everyday tax talk is 'morally charged' - A new study by sociologists demonstrates how everyday "tax talk" is morally charged and how many Americans associate the income tax with a violation of the moral principle that hard work should be rewarded.... RNA: From messenger to guardian of genome integrity - A new and unexpected role for RNA is identified: the defence of genome integrity and stability. New research shows that an until now unknown class of RNA -- the newly christened DDRNA -- plays a key role in activation of the molecular alarms necessary to safeguard our genome when DNA damage from internal or external factors occurs.... Hacking code of leaf vein architecture solves mysteries, allows predictions of past climate - Life scientists have discovered new laws leaves follow as they grow and evolve. These easy-to-apply mathematical rules can be used to better predict the climates of the past, as determined from the fossil record. This research has a range of fundamental implications in global ecology, and can improve prediction and interpretation of climate in the deep past from leaf fossils.... Factors behind past lemur species extinctions put surviving species in 'ecological retreat' - At least 17 species of lemurs have vanished on Madagascar over the last 2,000 years, with human activity likely a central factor. New research examined eight of those extinctions, and findings suggest that surviving species don't necessarily benefit when competitors die out.... Stem-cell-growing surface enables bone repair - Researchers have demonstrated that a special surface, free of biological contaminants, allows adult-derived stem cells to thrive and transform into multiple cell types. Their success brings stem cell therapies another step closer.... Americans find doing their own taxes simpler than improving diet and health - Most Americans (52 percent) have concluded that figuring out their income taxes is easier than knowing what they should and shouldn?t eat to be healthier, according to a new survey.... Hormone plays surprise role in fighting skin infections - Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are molecules produced in the skin to fend off infection-causing microbes. Vitamin D has been credited with a role in their production and in the body?s overall immune response, but scientists say a hormone previously associated only with maintaining calcium homeostasis and bone health is also critical, boosting AMP expression when dietary vitamin D levels are inadequate.... Wearing two different hats: Moral decisions may depend on the situation - An individual's sense of right or wrong may change depending on their activities at the time -- and they may not be aware of their own shifting moral integrity -- according to a new study looking at why people make ethical or unethical decisions.... An introduced bird competitor tips the balance against Hawaiian species - Tens of thousands of birds native to Hawaii have been lost in the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, when the Japanese white-eye, a small perching bird originally introduced to Hawaii in 1929 to control insects, increased in numbers. The increase was initiated in a restoration area on the refuge.... Big step toward quantum computing: Efficient and tunable interface for quantum networks - Quantum computers may someday revolutionize the information world. But in order for quantum computers at distant locations to communicate with one another, they have to be linked together in a network. While several building blocks for a quantum computer have already been successfully tested in the laboratory, a network requires one additonal component: A reliable interface between computers and information channels. Austrian physicists now report the construction of an efficient and tunable interface for quantum networks.... How immune cells change wiring of developing mouse brain - Researchers have shown in mice how immune cells in the brain target and remove unused connections between brain cells during normal development. This research sheds light on how brain activity influences brain development, and highlights the newly found importance of the immune system in how the brain is wired, as well as how the brain forms new connections throughout life in response to change.... A whale of a discovery: New sensory organ found in rorqual whales - Scientists have discovered a sensory organ in rorqual whales that coordinates its signature lunge-feeding behavior -- and may help explain their enormous size. Rorquals are a subgroup of baleen whales -- including blue, fin, minke and humpback whales. They are characterized by a special, accordion-like blubber layer that goes from the snout to the navel. The blubber expands up to several times its resting length to allow the whales to engulf large quantities of prey-laden water, which is then expelled through the baleen to filter krill and fish. The study details the discovery of an organ at the tip of the whale's chin, lodged in the ligamentous tissue that connects their two jaws.... Geological record shows air up there came from below - The influence of the ground beneath us on the air around us could be greater than scientists had previously thought, according to new research that links the long-ago proliferation of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere to a sudden change in the inner workings of our planet.... Reverse engineering epilepsy's 'miracle' diet - Researchers link seizure resistance to a protein that modifies cellular metabolism in the brain. The findings, which shed light on the extremely low-carb ketogenic diet, may lead to the development of new treatments for epilepsy.... Taking solar technology up a notch: New inexpensive, environmentally friendly solar cell shines with potential - The limitations of conventional and current solar cells include high production cost, low operating efficiency and durability, and many cells rely on toxic and scarce materials. Researchers have now developed a new solar cell that, in principle, will minimize all of these solar energy technology limitations. In particular, the device is the first to solve the problem of the Grätzel cell, a promising low-cost and environmentally friendly solar cell with a significant disadvantage: it leaks. The dye-sensitized cell's electrolyte is made of an organic liquid, which can leak and corrode the solar cell itself.... Copyright © 2012, Golf Information 4 U. All Rights Reserved. |